In which of the following clinical scenarios would pulse pressure variation be MOST useful for the determination of volume status and fluid responsiveness?
A. Intubated septic patient in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), on pressure support and in the process of being weaned off mechanical ventilation.
B. Spontaneously breathing patient in the ICU after successful Fontan procedure, on high flow nasal cannula.
C. Intubated patient in the cardiac ICU, mechanically ventilated with a volume-controlled mode of ventilation, after coarctation of the aorta repair.
D. Intubated and mechanically ventilated patient, volume-controlled mode of ventilation, presenting with major burns, sepsis, and atrial fibrillation.
